Econ Sba on Elasticity of Demand of Fast Foods in Tnt

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Aims and Objectives ii Introduction iii Title 1 Purpose of Investigation 2 Method of Investigation 3 Presentation, Explanation, Interpretation and Analysis of Data 4 Findings†¦show more content†¦The price elasticity of demand is worked out to be 0.7. Interpretation and Analysis: From all this information we can clearly see that the numerical value of the price elasticity of demand is less than one but more than zero. With this in mind we can state that the demand for fast foods on a whole is inelastic, which means when there is a one percentage change in price there is a less than proportionate change in quantity demanded. Chart:5 Factors that affect demand|11-13|14-16|17+| Advertising|2|4|0| Price|1|5|1| Taste|2|5|1| Peer Pressure|1|1|| Income|2|3|2| |||| Explanation: For the ages of 11-13 years 2 are affected by advertising, 1 by price, 2 by taste 1 by peer pressure and 2 by income. For the ages of 14-16 years 4 are affected by advertising, 5 by price, 5 by taste, 1 by peer pressure and 3 by income. for people who are 17 plus years in st. joseph convent st joseph zero is affected by advertising, 1 by price, 1 by taste, zero by peer pressure and 2 by income. Interpretation and Analysis: Persons who are more than 17 years have learnt how to resist persaution and look at what they have to manipulate it to there desires and and needs. Persons who are 14-16 years are more of

The Influence of Religion in the Kite Runner Essay

All through the novel Kite Runner there are various references to Muslim tradition and beliefs, there is an instrumental role of Islam on the story and its characters. Religion seems to be many things to many people in this book. Baba is celebrated in part for his exceptionally secular ways in a traditional society. Amir exercises it in an entirely private way, as if his faith were more repentance than conversion. Hassan is a victim of discrimination and bigotry and in Assefs Taliban rendition, Islam is essentially just a pretext for his pathological cruelty. It would be impossible to completely appreciate Kite Runner without reference and understand of the characters religious values and morality. Babas view of a sin is that the only†¦show more content†¦Without appreciation and considerations to morality and religion then it would be difficult to fully comprehend the novel. Hassan is a victim of discrimination, bigotry, and class structure in Afghan society. Hassan and Ali are members of the Hazaras, a minority group of Afghanis. Amir and his father are Pashtuns, the majority, who believes they are a better class than the Hazara. Religion was all that separated Amir and Hassan, as did tribe and class. Amir learned from his father that the Harara tribe to which Ali and Hassan belonged, were inferior people. Because of this bigotry and basic class structure, Hazaras are often victims of physical, emotional and psychological abuse. Thus when a crisis comes and Hassan is being attack, Amir not only doesnt come to Hassans aid, but also allows him to be brutally abused. Morality lacks because of this class structure, which allows people to be treated as second-class citizens. Considerations towards morality and religion helps the reader to broaden there understanding of the novel and it would be impossible to appreciated the book lacking them. Assef a local radical provides a chilling insight into the radicalism exhibited in some individuals in Afghanistan and how they have distorted views of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Kite Runner 1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner’s plot is centered on the story of Amir, a young boy who grew up in Afghanistan with his father, and friend, Hassan. Amir was raised without a mother, and had no womanly influence in his life until he was married. This lack of women in the storyline has caused some to argue that the novel is demeaning to women (Gomez). The vulgar language and explicit themes are seen as demoralizing towards the female gender (Schaub). In the novel the women are required to remain committed and submissiveRead MoreReligion Is A Cultural System Of Behaviors, Practices, And Moral Standards1552 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is a cultural system of behaviors, practices, world views, ethics, and social organization that relate humanity to an order of existence (Dictionary). With more than 84% of the world affiliating with religion, religion permeates the fabric of our existence by it’s influence on legal systems, nation’s policies, and moral standards (Religion stats). Making up 23% of the world population, the Muslim religion is divided into two sects: Sunni and Shi’a. The separation of the Muslim religion isRead MoreKite Runner Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesIn the literature, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, the idea and representation of justice, and its relationship to that of the treatment of women in Afghan society, the ever-changing politics of Afghanistan, and the desired results of redemption and forgiveness, become illustrated through the novel’s characters and motives. Justice can be defined as the quality of being guided by truth, reason, and fairness. The Kite Runner illustrates the power of influence from an outside power and its effectsRead MoreJustice in The Kite Runner Essay1459 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesIn the literature, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, the idea and representation of justice, and its relationship to that of the treatment of women in Afghan society, the ever-changing politics of Afghanistan, and the desired results of redemption and forgiveness, become illustrated through the novel’s characters and motives. Justice can be defined as the quality of being guided by truth, reason, and fairness. The Kite Runner illustrates the power of influence from an outside power and its effectsRead MoreEssay about Culture and Clashes in Kite Runner1625 Words   |  7 PagesOn Culture, Clashes, and Kite Running In his novel, The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini depicts his homeland Afghanistan as a host to many different cultures and classes, such as Pashtun and Hazara, Sunni and Shiite, with this dichotomy of beliefs and attributes being powerful enough to shape diverse, sometimes negative relationships amongst the characters of the novel and their behavior to each other, as well as establish that individual’s identity. Each person interprets the impact of the role ofRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1599 Words   |  7 Pagesclass and ethnicity have become a never ending cycle that begins to shape the opinions of how people treat one another. The novel The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini revolves around a society constructed around two socially diverse ethnic groups the Pashtuns who practice Sunni Islam and the Hazaras who follow Shia Islam. Throughout the novel The Kite Runner, a variety of characters have made decisions that affect the overall outcome of the novel w hich base around ethnicity, race and socialRead MoreDifficult Choices in the Kite Runner1725 Words   |  7 PagesIn Khaled Hosseini’s book, The Kite Runner, the author brings the reader on a journey where we are introduced to two young boys, Amir and Hassan. It is a story about their friendship and the choices they make while growing up in Kabul. Although, Amir and Hassan are raised in the same household, and are fed from same breast, they grow up in different realities: Amir is a Pashtun and the son of a rich and noble man, Hassan is a Hazara and Amir’s servant, whose father also served for Amir’s father.Read MoreSummary Of The Kite Runner 1036 Words   |  5 PagesSunni Culture Imagine yourself in a world where the place you grew up in, was turned to dust, rubble, and heaps of it’s former self. Imagine yourself in that world for a second. The Kite Runner is a novel about two friends, inseparable by friendship and blood but divided by religion class. In the novel, â€Å"The Kite Runner† there is a young man named Amir, a Sunni Muslim, and Hassan, his servant and friend, a Shi’a Muslim. The two shouldn’t be friends by the standards, but all they know is friendshipRead MoreReligious Discrimination In The Kite Runner1441 Words   |  6 Pagescountless human to sins. With differences between people, conflicts form when they do not know how to embrace each other. The differences in people’s religions has made them praise their own religion over others, resulting in many cases of violence and even death ever since the Crusades in 1095 (battle between the Christian and Muslim). The novel, The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, dis plays the issue of religious discrimination as the main conflict throughout the whole book. Hazaras, otherwise Shi’a MuslimsRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini2522 Words   |  11 PagesIn The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini creates an awareness and humanization of Afghanistan as a nation and as a culture. Through a postcolonial perspective, the main character, Amir resembles the internal conflicts and external tribulations that a country and its citizens’ face when living in a war-torn region. Postcolonial criticism offers a unique perspective by highlighting the destructive events that lead to death and misery, rather than glorifying the exploratory nature of colonists as they

What is Behaviorism Free Essays

In the United States, there are two conflicting psychology schools of thought. The first is the introspective psychology which has also been considered as speculative psychology and the other being behaviorism psychology, which is also considered as objective psychology. Although introspective psychology has long been accepted in the field of psychology, behaviorism has not only begun to gain more ground among psychologists but it has also begun to contest and question the premise of introspective psychology and their method of analysis and research. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Behaviorism? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It was only during the 19th century that development of the field of psychology began to become evident through the efforts of Wundt who is considered to be the father of experimental psychology. Wanting to find a solution on the mind-body problem, Wundt decided in 1879 to develop psychology as a science rather than a field of study associated with philosophy. He substituted the term â€Å"soul† with the concept of the â€Å"consciousness† and eventually developed the introspective approach in the study of psychology. According to this approach to the study of psychology, the consciousness of the individual is the primary subject matter of psychology which led to psychologists such as William James to define psychology as the study aimed to describe and explain the various states of an individual’s consciousness. In order to do this, psychologists observe the consciousness through catching it as it occurs. This school of thought had become highly accepted that it had reached the United States from Germany and became the dominant form of psychological analysis in American universities. Among the most noted introspective psychologists in the United States were E. B. Thchener of Cornell University and William James of Harvard University. In 1912, a new group of psychologist emerged. These were the behaviorists or behavioral psychologists. They began to see the shortcomings of introspective psychology. As a result, behavioral psychologists decided that the information being discovered and disseminated are no longer sufficient and they began to create their own methods for the study of psychology. The first thing done by behavioral psychologists was to change the subject matter of the field of psychology. Because the consciousness is deemed to be unobservable, they began to search for some characteristic or trait of individuals that could be observed. It was then that they began to observe the behavior of individuals which has been defined as what an individual says or does. Hence, this approach of the study of psychology as the behaviorism school of psychology. Behaviorism has also been considered as the objective approach to the study of psychology. This is because behavioral psychologists gather facts about an individual’s behavior and analyze the data through the use of logic and mathematics. This is why behaviorism has been defined as a natural science that is interested in the adjustments done by individuals through the study of changes in the physiological conditions of the individual which they termed as the stimuli and the response the individual would have as a result of the stimulus presented. Based on the studies done by behavioral psychologists, there are four kinds of responses exhibited by individuals. The first kind of response is classified as overt or external responses. These responses are those responses that the individual in consciously aware of such as the act of sitting, standing or walking. The second kind of response is termed as internal or implicit responses. These responses are more difficult to observe since they involve responses that occur within the body of the individual such as digestion in the stomach of the individual after the individual takes in food. The third type of response is the unlearned response which refers to instinctive responses to stimuli such as breathing. The last form is classified as learned response which includes the habits done by the individual such as observed when an individual sits, facial reactions and hand gestures while communicating. Analysis Up to the 1900s, the study of the human psyche was hindered by the teachings of religion. Even today, people remain to be apprehensive if the new information that is presented is contrary to the generally accepted belief. Back then, it was the teachings of the Church that provided answers and explanations to life and the universe. This is why despite the desire of Wundt to establish psychology as a branch of science, the influence dualism had on him while he was growing up provided him a subject matter that cannot be observed. As a result, all the observations done and the theories conceptualized based on these observations were viewed as speculative and were frequently contested by fellow psychologists. Behaviorism psychology developed as a result of a group of psychologists who realized that the only their theories would not be susceptible to much speculation from their peers is by substantiating these theories with verifiable data and results. This could only be done if their subject matter could be observed. Seeing that they would be able to observe the behavior of individuals, these psychologists broke away from the accepted notion that the consciousness of the individual is the basis of the study of psychology and instead viewed that it is the behavior, and not the consciousness, of the individual that is the prime subject of study of psychology. Today, it is clear to see that behaviorism has superseded introspective psychology as the practiced school of psychology with the association of the field of psychology as the field of science that is associated with the study of an individual’s behavioral patterns and the causes for such behavioral patterns to arise. This does not mean to say that introspective psychologists failed to contribute to the current accepted school of psychology. On the contrary, introspective psychologists paved the way for psychology to develop as it is known today. Through the introduction of the introspective school of psychology, men in the field of neurology and the other sciences were presented a field of study that would allow them to understand the human psyche and the human mind more comprehensively. Being men of science, they would eventually find loopholes to a theory or finding made by one of their peers. This would result to them further studying the human mind. It was through this process that behavioral psychologists were able to determine the shortcoming of this field of science. As a result, behaviorism through the scientific method used to validate assumptions may be able to determine just how close the speculations stipulated by the introspective psychologists were in their assumptions about the human mind and psyche. Finally, the development of behaviorism shows that psychology is continuously evolving. This is because the subject matter being studied is the human mind, which is considered as the most complex body part of one of the most complex, if not the most complex, organisms on this planet. How to cite What is Behaviorism?, Papers

The Diary of Anne Frank Essay Example For Students

The Diary of Anne Frank Essay Response to Literature Essay Have you ever felt persecuted? That is the case for Anne Frank, a teenage girl and her family who were forced into hiding during the holocaust. In the play The Diary of Anne Frank Essay by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett, Anne teaches the reader about optimism, family, and friendship. In the story Anne, The main character, shows a lot of optimism even in the worst of times. For example Anne is writing in her diary and she mentions Miep and Mr. Kraler (the two people who helped the Franks and the Van Daans) The days arent so bad. At least we know that Miep and Mr. Kraler are down there below us in the office. Our Protectors, we call them. Anne shows optimism here because the first days in hiding her feels frightened of every little noise she hears, because she thinks the green police are coming for her, but when she remembers Miep and Mr. Kraler downstairs she feels reassured. Another example of optimism or hope would be when they occupants of the Secret Annex (the place where the Van Daan family and the Frank families are hiding) get news of D-Day and the Allies landing at Normandy Miep: British, Americans, French, Dutch, Poles, and Norwegians all of them! More than four thousand ships! Churchill spoke and, General Eisenhower D-day, they call it! Mr. Frank: Thank god it has come! Mrs. Van Daan: At Last! this event gives the Franks and the Van Daans hope that they may survive the war. The play The Diary of Anne Frank has many examples of strong family and how sometimes hardships can make a family stronger. For example, in the earlier parts of the book Mr. Van Daan was stealing food at night even when his own son was starving every night, but when a moment of happiness Mr. Van Daan realizes how bad exactly what he was doing really was and he becomes ashamed, Please, Im so ashamed Stealing food from children! Mr. Van Daan is extremely sorry for his action earlier in the play, and everyone forgives him for his actions. Another good example is right after Mr. Van Daan confesses his wrong doings, Anne also comes clean, Look at me, the way Ive treated Mother so mean and horrid to her. Mrs. Frank: No, Anneke, no. Anne: Oh, Mother, I was awful Anne admits how she acted to Mrs. Frank and Mrs. Frank forgives her this is a perfect illustration of how hardships can bring family closer together. Anne also teaches the reader a lot about friendship and how hardships can sometimes make friendships stronger. One example of friendship would be when Anne and Peter are talking in his room, Peter, did you ever kiss a girl? Peter: Yes. Once. Anne: Was she pretty? This shows that Anne and Peter are getting along and becoming closer friends. They trust each other enough to share past experiences and secrets with each other. Another great example of how time and hardships can strengthen friendships is when Anne is writing in her diary towards the end of scene two, By this time we all know each other so well that if anyone starts to tell a story, the rest can finish it for him. This means that the Franks and the Van Daans have spent so much time with each other that their finishing each others sentences, which is a sign that when friends spend time with each other they get to know each other better, thus strengthening their relationships. Martin Luther: A Biography Of Martin Luther (1483-1546) Essay The detail in which her story is told gives light to the talents and emotions a young mind experienced as she deals with traumatic situations. For its insights into the life of a German-Jewish child living in Germany during Nazi occupation, The Diary of Anne Franks, offers a vivid, realistic .

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Essay Example For Students

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Essay A.) Write a short (2-3 paragraph) summary of what you read for this week Thisweek I read about this servant girl named Catherine who is in love with hermaster. At first she thinks it would be impossible to fall in love with him,then when she does fall in love with him shes afraid he could never love herback. She is more afraid that he wont look inside of her, she is afraid that hewill look at her and seehis mail not a wonderful women that she is just hisservant girl. B.) 2 passages that you find interesting 1.) It is hard toforgive, and to look at those eyes, and feel those wasted hands. 2.) Let mealone! Let me alone! He doesnt love me and Im dying for it. It is enough! Ilike these passages because Catherine talks about how much she loves her masterbut never tells him. I think this is driving her absolutely crazy! I. We will write a custom essay on Wuthering Heights By Bronte specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Introduction I think the books theme is about a girl who falls in love with aman who at first she thinks she could never fall in love with him, but then shedoesand now she is afraid she cannot have him. II. Quotes Loving! Didanybody ever hear the like! I might just as well talk of loving the miller whocomes once a year to buy our corn pretty loving, indeed! and obth times togetheryou have seen linton now here is the babyish trash. Im going with it to thelibrary; and well see what your father says to such loving. III. QuotesNonsense! do you imagine he has thought as much of you as you have ofhim? IV. Quotes If he doesnt see it I will be worth nothing for Iam in love with my master. V. Conclusion She doesnt get the man she is inlove with. In my eyes, I dont think she tried at all to get him. She could ofatleast told him but not once did she say a word to him, about how much of loveshe had for him. English Essays

The moviegoerWalker Percy essays

The moviegoerWalker Percy essays In Walker Percys story The Moviegoer, Binx Bolling, a Stockbroker on the verge of turning thirty is on a quest. Set in 1960 New Orleans during Mardi Gras Binx, an upper class southern gentleman sets out to find out about himself. Answer questions that have tugged at his soul. Questions about despair, everydayness, religion and romance. Binx is stuck in a quagmire. He must break out from this cloak of ennui and find the essence of being. But how? How can people, a person with a soul and a world at their fingertips be so inept at finding what makes them alive. Can it be found in religion or on the arm of a southern beauty? Maybe it can be found in the surrealism of a movie, or the excitement of making money. What if an answer is found? Will it frighten a person back to their everydayness? Some of these question are sound, others may be just thoughts in the authors mind, but they are questions that Binx must find out about. The following will talk about the idea of despair Binx is deathly afraid of being pulled into everydayness. That is to say that he does not want to fall into the trap of a daily, weekly of life long rut. He does not want to settle for just living just an existence. He wants to be noticed, to have the ability of excitement on a daily routine. To work hard and start a family and fight for what he thinks is a grand life. Only to realize years later that such a routine was established you never left from where you started. To Binx that is death. Not physically dead, but soulfully dead. But what is so wrong with everydayness. One could argue that everydayness could be a positive influence. Millions of people for hundreds of years have lived a life of everydayness. Has society stopped? Have people withered into tiny robots fueled by repetition? People need repetition to keep them going. Everyda ...

Answers to questions on the spread and control of diseases

Answers to questions on the spread and control of diseases List and discuss briefly major public health strategies for communicable disease control. Choose five communicable diseases and discuss what public health strategies will be appropriate in each case. Major Public Health Strategies for Communicable Disease Control The main public health strategies to control communicable diseases include all measures designed to prevent or reduce the incidence, prevalence and consequences of disease (WHO 1984). These measures are included in primary health care and involve participation of community, support from different government, public and private sectors and coordination between these sectors (WHO 1978). The control measures are directed against reservoir or sounce of infection, the root of transmission and susceptible host ( people at risk). i) Controlling Reservoir of Infection. It includes early diagnosis or detection of cases or carriers, notification of disease, isolation, treatment and quarantine. ii) Interrupting Transmission of Disease . This is done by interrupting direct transmission and indirect transmission of infective agent from patient and carrier to susceptible host by changing some part of man’s environment. The public health strategies to achieve this includes clean water supply, improving sanitation, proper cooking and refrigeration, improving personal hygiene, controlling vectors and proper handling of secretions and excretions of humans and animals. iii) Protection of Susceptible Host or Patient at Risk This includes active immunization, passive immunization, combination of active and passive immunization and prophylaxis by drugs. iv) Other measures that have interrupted transmission of many diseases in developed countries include legislation for integrated and effective public health programs, improved quality of life and better education. Surveillance follows control measures. Five Communicable Diseases and Public Health Strategies to Control them 1-Chickenpox is acute highly infectious disea se caused by varicella zooster virus (VZV) usually in children. It spreads by airborne particles and direct contact. The control strategies are notification, isolation of cases for six days after the rash appears, disinfection of articles soiled with secretion from nose, mouth and skin and using gloves and face mask while attending patient. Antiviral drugs are effective if used in first 24 hours of appearance of skin rash. Human varicella zoster immunoglobulin is given to contacts and immunocompromrised. A live attenuated vaccine is available and used in US and some other countries for children at one year of age. 2-Measles is acute highly infectious disease of childhood caused by a myxovirus. The control strategies include routine vaccine coverage of all children at 9 months and 4 years of age using live attenuated vaccine. Catch up vaccination is done for children who miss out. Successive generations of children are vaccinated. Isolation in initial stages of incubation period and disinfection of articles can help control spread. Notification to local health authorities, epidemiological investigation and health education are also necessary. 3-Diphtheria is caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae and affects upper respiratory tract. Control includes early detection of cases and carriers, notification, isolation in the hospital, and treatment of cases by diphtheria anti-toxin and carriers by erythromycin. Contacts are given booster dose of anti-toxin if they have not received in last two years and surveillance of close contacts is done for several weeks after exposure. On community bases the effective control is achieved by active immunization of diphtheria vaccine at age of six weeks, ten weeks, fourteen weeks, and booster doses sixteen to twenty-four months and five years.

Postmodernism and Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Postmodernism and Consumerism - Essay Example The essay "Postmodernism and Consumerism" explores the definition of postmodernism and analyzes consumerism. Post-modernism defines our current state of existence and encompasses ideas, attitudes, lifestyle and intellect that mark the contemporary world. However, there is widespread debate as to the definition of post-modernism. Some view it from the lens of defining it as a mere condition or state of existence whereas others view it as a constant movement and development. Those who believe in the second school of thought often tend to link post-modernism with consumerism, globalization, the birth of transnational corporations and the boundary less transfer of ideas, technology, products and information across the world. Some theorists even go as far as stating that the era of postmodernism does not parallel our current era. For instance, some theorists suggest that the society in which we dwell today is â€Å"post traditionalist† and not postmodern. This view is further advan ced by some researchers who label today’s world as pseudo-modern and by claim that the postmodern era does not exist. Despite the widespread debate regarding the existence of postmodernism, the way in which identity creation is altering and giving birth to a post-modern mode of life of great interest to us. It is interesting to note that consumerism has been directly or indirectly associated with the identity creation phenomenon in postmodern times. This can be explained by the viewpoints of various theorists.

If someone claims that both the division of knowledge into disciplines Essay

If someone claims that both the division of knowledge into disciplines and the division of the world into countries on a map are artificial, what does this mean - Essay Example What are the processes underlying the compelling desire of human to dissect and divide, are these processes comparable, how has the divides occurred - these perplexing questions have puzzled generations of outstanding scholars, but still remain unanswered. The world is multi-dimensional with numerous natural boundaries: mountains and rivers, deserts and forests, fields and lakes, plateaus and slumps compose a unique and highly diverse image of the Earth. These natural boundaries have provided mankind with references points allowing people to move from one point to another, travel, hunt, explore the remote areas always using these natural points to return to the native places and family. Evidently, these natural boundaries have played - and continue to play - an essential role in shaping human civilisation, as we know it, but they have failed to fully satisfy the needs of human society. The artificial boundaries dividing the nations and communities have been created artificially to address these implicit needs. Knowledge does not have a clear defined surface area or natural boundaries; its abstract nature makes it barely possible to calculate or quantify it; senses and measurements do not provide the appropriate tools to divide it. Nonetheless, mankind has also felt the need to divide it into several areas. Perhaps one of the key objectives of such divide was the desire to establish the missing reference points in order to facilitate navigation from one place to another: the artificial boundaries within the body of knowledge were intended to perform the same function the natural boundaries in the physical world played. However, even if that the factors/reasons underlying division of the physical world and the abstract realm of knowledge are similar, the implications and nature of the boundaries are likely to differ signification. Although the geographical boundaries and the divide between different areas of knowledge have been drawn by human, the nature of the boundaries is non-comparable due to several reasons. Firstly, the geographical boundaries, by definition, do not allow for free crossing; knowledge does not imply this sine qua non condition. Secondly, the nature of knowledge is complex, dynamic, and multifaceted: it is not approachable with mere senses or mere thinking; it is rather a process which gets even richer when the separated areas overlap. The ongoing debate about the definition and elements of knowledge1 vividly illustrates why comparing the abstract and physical boundaries lacks credibility and is probably doomed to failure. Furthermore, even the origins of knowledge are not known either: epistemology or theory of knowledge, the branch of philosophy that explores the origins and sources of knowledge, the assumptions upon which knowledge is based, and what we 'can know' and 'do know' fails to provide a clear and exhaustive answer to this question2. The origins of modern epistemological debate can be traced back to the past philosophers. The famous Cartesian mind/body duality introduced by famous philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes divorced body from mind and thinking from sensing.

International Marketing Research Essay Example for Free

International Marketing Research Essay 1. Identification of Case Issues Base your issues on theoretical international ethics concepts. As the international marketing manager, what are the ethical issues to be considered in this case? Use journals to help give your response depth The report aims at launching the new fair trade chocolate brand Mars, and analysing the current ethical understanding of the Japanese marketing environment. The business viewed the ethical issue which child slavery has created an unethical comparative advantage, and the current market for chocolate lies in the ethical ruin (Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). The result of the influence of fair-trade foods among Japanese shows that the participants in Japan do the ethical purchasing in observable condition much more than the anonymous condition (Kimura et al., 2012; Swaidan, 2012). The ethical purchasing of observable condition is about that about making products in an environment where there is no child abuse or child labour, that is environmentally conscious and where there is a value placed on workers and their safety (Nicholls and Opal, 2005; Impact of adverse economic shocks on the Indian child labour market and the schooling of children of poor households, 2012). Furthermore, the report claimed that is not only the purchasers’ participation of ethical â€Å"fair deal†, but also the corporation participations impact on fair trade as well; especially under the effect of the global economic recession, businesses have great potential to benefit or threaten at the market (Lynch, 2012; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies,2011; Reed, 2009). According to the report of Swaidan (2012), Japan has suffered painful economic recession and a series of corporate misconducts and scandals over the last decade. In the meantime, peoples interests in business ethics and corporate social responsibility have remarkably increased (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). There are many similarities exist between Japanese and American managers which including the respective views on corporate social responsibility and unethical business practices (Tae and Nakano, 2008). Thus the marketing strategy should to consider the nation’s business ethical understandings. Furthermore, according to a personal perspective, the correct ethical behaviour differs, which includes the relativist, utilitarian, and Universalist perspectives and based on socio-economic status (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; Lynch, 2012). It states a market where corruption is an issue as Japan ranked eighteenth on the Corruption Perception Index of major emerging markets (Tae and Nakano, 2008; Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). In Japan, the primarily views business ethics are through relativist and utilitarian perspectives (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). It will evoke the previous ethical perspectives when business markets a fair trade product to the Japanese. The ethical behaviour differs across nations, influenced by popular attachments to governments, popular customs, level of economic development, relative size of public sector, low income for public servants, obscure legal and political environments, high level of government control and state ownership (Kimura et al., 2012; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Swaidan, 2012). Moreover, according to Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions, Japan outranks all other countries in the measure of masculinity (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). Hence, the marketing strategy must cater to the nation’s business ethical behaviours, and cultural dimensions facing fair trade products. 2. Formulation of alternatives or possible solutions with respect As the International marketing manager what are some alternative solutions, based on an ethical platform? Use journals to support your alternatives. Mars’ first entered the Asian market with a marketing strategy of sponsoring and becoming the official snack food of the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing (McElhatton, 2012). In addition, it claims that Mars has a legacy for aggressive instincts in international expansion, entering the Eastern European markets after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (Allen, 2010). These movements lead to factories being opened in the Asian markets to better understand the domestic environments, and it is the solid foundation for Mars to target and market the Japanese market which it was successful in combining investment with community activities to relay positive company behaviour in the political environment (McElhatton, 2012). Additionally, it proved that a link exists in successful brands between company ethical and social requirements, and the company’s commitment to protecting consumer rights and interests (Castaldo, Perrini, Misani and Tencati, 2011; Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011). Thus, Mars must show it is not only has corporate social responsibility but its interest in the rights of its consumers, in order to market a new fair trade brand of chocolate in Japan (Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). Further, the right for Mars’ consumers to have access to chocolate is fair trade that gives added value and competitive price (Allen, 2011). From the perspective of economies, fair trade marketing may be successful if it is existed that consumers whose additional willingness to pay for fair trade products are greater than the additional marginal costs (Lynch, 2012). However, the consumers who felt greatly affected by the global recession yet want to consume ethically, marketers must deliver value without compromising these social values (Castaldo, Perrini, Misani and Tencati, 2011). The report confirmed that the Japanese expect companies to stand behind their product well after a sale is made. They are not particularly price conscious, but rather rely on trust (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; McElhatton, 2012). Moreover, there are restraining forces in the market such as political systems, legal requirements, cultural norms and economic development, that hinder the free flow of fair trade in the market (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). In Japan, it is not simply enough to support the goods, but marketing mix is more important to the Japanese consumers who demand the after-sale services on financial resources, and the weakness of service is not tolerated in the Japanese market (Slavery involved in food production, 2008; Swaidan, 2012; Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). On the other hand, the benefits of lowering 20 percent tariff of chocolate imports in Japan which is almost three times of the USA levy on imported candy (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Reed, 2007). The chocolate potential market for Mars grows as the high tariff is getting lowered, and allowing a new fair trade chocolate brand greater entry. If Japan is a significant leader in the Asian region drops its tariff, Korea as the other major potential market may follow (Allen, 2011; Tae and Nakano, 2008). Japanese have their own take on Valentines Day which is a big chocolate buying frenzy (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). Gifts of chocolate from women to men on St Valentines Day have become a subtle key to gender empowerment in Japan. In Japan, women nationwide buy chocolates for their male co-workers rather than husbands and loved ones (Lewis, 1995). With this custom, women have successfully monopolized the means of socially defining chocolate, which is a large promoter for the industry. Being a custom based on culture, chocolate sales in Japan on Valentine’s Day continue to increase as cocoa prices soar. It means that the duty is expanding, which could offer the new opportunities for an ethical fair trade choice in the region (Allen, 2011; Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). Thus, marketing to the Japanese based on custom rather than the individual consumer is advised. 3. Recommendation or choice of solution Make a stand. What would you do as the International marketing manager for this company, based on an ethical platform? What are you going to recommend to the board? First of all, Japan is a rapidly growing market where corruption is an issue. The stakeholders should be the focus, and holistic and corporate social responsibility marketing is a strategic consideration (Tae and Nakano, 2008; Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). The chocolate company Mars is recommended to use value-based labelling in order to increase consumer awareness of the brand. Moreover, individuals’ motivations from extrinsic social factors such as reputation-enhancing opportunities should be moulded around brand appearance and marketing strategy, which is rely on the product add value to the consumer thereby further building and maintaining the loyalty of the consumers (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Nicolas and Gittens, 2010). Secondly, a market-oriented solution is best for entering and marketing a fair trade chocolate brand in Japan, because Japan is a viable market to launch a brand, currently ranked third in world GDP (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011; Tyler, 2012). The chocolate company Mars should consider about the ownership attributes, the location attributes and the internalisation for market entry (McElhatton, 2012). Mars could use the host marketers for the purpose of launching the market strategy from within the domestic environment. Furthermore, Mars could report the ethical practises to consumers which include ethical initiatives such as discontinuing marketing to children under age 12, and it is rely on brand integrity through Mars’ philosophy of â€Å"mutuality of benefits† for all stakeholders (Reed, 2007). It might offset distribution regulations and prevent ethical, legal and cross-cultural misunderstanding in brand marketing and promotion (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011). Thirdly, Countries differ greatly in their ethical standards and consumer expectations (Tae and Nakano, 2008). In Japans political system, dominant economic interests caused deep changes, so in the other word, Japan is the very embodiment of stability (Tsalikis and Seaton, 2011). On the other hand, as approximately ten percent of sales are from the Australasian region, Mars success has resulted from a simply philosophy â€Å"go where the consumer economy is growing† and â€Å"the consumer is our boss.† (McElhatton, 2012; Tyler, 2012). Thus, the assessment predicts a minor political could impact of the new product brand and low transaction cost (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011). Last but not least, Japan has greater equality of incomes between higher and lower incomes and market incomes (Kimura et al., 2012). This is ever more present as Japanese consumer social awareness grows and the distance is shortened between company and customer, due to communication advancements (McCall-Rosenbluth and Thies, 2011). The chocolate company Mars could potentially take a large market segment by marketing a CSR strategy in this high-income country via differentiation (Allen, 2011). Besides, the growth of e-commerce has diminished national barriers, thus advertising campaigns directed at the Japanese market can be optimised online (Fletcher and Crawford, 2011; McElhatton, 2012). References Allen, L.L. (2011). Chocolate fortunes: the battle for the hearts, minds, and wallets of Chinese consumers. Retrieved from http://site.ebrary.com.ezp01.library.qut.edu.au/lib/qut/docDetail.action?doID=10342364 Castaldo, S., Perrini, F., Misani, N., Tencati, A. (2011). The missing link between corporate responsibility and consumer trust: the case of fair trade products. Journal of Business Ethics, 84, 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s10551-008-9669-4 Fletcher, R., Crawford, H. (2011). International marketing: an Asia-Pacific perspective 5th edition. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Australia. Kimura, A., Mukawa, N., Yamamoto, M., Masuda, T., Yuasa, M., Goto, S., Oka, T., Wada, Y. (2012). The influence of reputational concerns on purchase intention of fair-trade foods among Japanese adults. Food Quality and Preference, 26(2), 204-210.

The Old Man And The Sea :: essays research papers

The book The Old Man and the Sea was written by Ernest Hemingway. Ernest Hemingway was both a fisherman and a Nobel Prize winner. The story is set in a small fishing village near the Cuban coast. Hemingway ¡Ã‚ ¦s expresses in his tone that he feels sorry for the old man. This is shown because he mentions everything that the old man doesn ¡Ã‚ ¦t have going well for him and also makes the reader realize the pain that the old man goes through. The point of view in The Old Man and the Sea is from that of the old man, Santiago.The Old Man and the Sea is about an old fisherman named Santiago who thinks that his luck has ran out. Before he got old he was a very good fisher and could catch plenty of fish. Now however he hardly ever catches anything. Santiago ¡Ã‚ ¦s young friend Manolin used to fish with him but he had to stop because his parents wanted him to fish with someone who caught something everyday. After weeks of not catching anything, Santiago goes out and catches the largest fish that he has ever seen in his life. He has a hard time getting it up and it takes away all of his strength. He has an even harder time getting it back to the village because it is night and all of the sharks are feeding off of it. He is unable to do anything about the hungry sharks. Upon finally returning to the village, he is so tired that he is not able to worry about this fish and goes directly to his shack and sleeps for an extremely long time. When he is awaken by Manolin, he finds that the fish that he caught was destroyed by the sharks and that all of his efforts were for not. However Manolin encourages Santiago to continue fishing because he still has much to learn about the sea.Santiago is the main character in Hemingway ¡Ã‚ ¦s The Old Man and the Sea. He is an old fisherman who seems to have very bad luck at fishing even though when he was younger he was a very good fisherman. Hemingway describes him by saying,  ¡Ã‚ §Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were cheerful and undefeated. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Even though he is old and poor, he still considers himself to be the top dog. Santiago knows that he is not doing very well but he still had to will and the drive to continue fishing, which is what he enjoys doing.

Using ICT to help a man to sell his business

My user is my uncle who thinks he is too old to run his business. Mr. Devakumar (the owner/user) needs money urgently and his only son lives in a foreign country therefore he has decided to sell it to someone as soon as possible. The petrol station is located in South Harrow, bessborough road near ‘Alexander Park' and ‘Netto's'. The purpose of this document is to sell his petrol station he owns. He has handed over the job of selling his business to me. This will help him to sell his business. To do this job I need to get some information such as how much profit he makes a year, or what price he wants to sell it for etc. Interview What is your business? I own a petrol station. How much do you earn a year? I earn between 20 and 30 thousand pounds a year Do you have any problems? I don't think I can run this business, I am too old now. What type of a leaflet would you like? I would prefer an A4 with one fold. What colours would you like? Red, blue, silver, black and any other colours. Just make it look good Would you like a border? Yes in silver please. Possible Solutions I can draw the pictures and colour it in myself. I will use pencil and colour pencil to do the pictures. I could also cut out pictures from the newspaper or magazines. I will handwrite the text myself. I could use a photocopy machine to get more copies of leaflet. ICT methods Microsoft word There are many features including being able to change different font styles, sizes, word art, spell check, colour, background. It is ideal to write letters. Layout of both sides cannot be seen, folds are not visible and you cannot move your text/pictures easily. Microsoft publisher Allows you to create leaflets, pictures can be moved around easily but settings need to be done. Background colours can be changed easily. Training is required and is time consuming. Microsoft PowerPoint Allows you to make slideshows and presentation. Text boxes can be put in easily. Not much can be written on a page if done so than it will be all crowded and hard to be read. It's not suitable to make leaflets. Advantages of using ICT The advantages of using ICT to produce my leaflet are that you can cut and paste any images but also text. You can resize the images and manipulate them. You can change the font, colour, shape and size any time you like. If you make a mistake when you are typing you don't need to cut it out you could just delete it and continue writing. There is also a grammar and spelling mistake checker which will underline the word/phrase that is wrong. If you save it you could change its design any time. Using ICT you can keep your document save by saving it in your required files or sending to an e-mail or computer. You could also save it on a memory stick. Conclusion I have chosen Microsoft publisher to make my leaflet because it is the easiest way to make leaflets. I also know how to use it properly. It gives many choices to make different types of leaflets graphics can be inserted easily, textboxes can be linked and the colours can be used in different ways. Objectives * I must include pictures showing different parts of the petrol station including inside and outside. * Contact information should be able to be found at the back of the leaflet. * Basic and important information should be at the back.(e.g. contact information) * Text should be written in ‘Ariel'. * Text should be big enough to be seen easily e.g. 12pt or higher. * A4 paper with one fold. * Colours used should be red, blue, black and silver. * Borders should fade. * PART 2: ANALYSE Hardware Input devices needed Keyboard-type information into word, publisher, power point or excel. Mouse- allows to control things on the screen. Objects can be moved, resized or changed. Digital cameras- allows me take pictures (e.g. of user.) Output devices needed Printer-can print out leaflets. Monitor- can see what I am creating. Storage devices needed USB-documents can be saved and carried around. Hard disc- is the main storage device in a computer. Software Microsoft Publisher- good layout and text can be linked together on other boxes. Microsoft word- good facilities to write documents (letters, reports etc) Internet- download information from internet. I will use Microsoft publisher to create my leaflet. However I will also use Adobe Photoshop to edit the graphics. Data collection & input Data Required Source Collection method Input method Error checking Picture of user Digital camera Manually take pictures then download on to computer Import into publisher Check with the user Picture of shop Digital camera Download on to computer Import into publisher Check with the user company logo Internet Download from the internet Import into publisher Check with the user Information about the company User Type in word Import into publisher Check with the user & spell check in word. Map of place. Internet Download on to computer Import into publisher Check with the user & check practically Data processing I will have 4 pages of text. I will only use one sheet of A4 sized sheet with one fold, so that there are 4 pages. I might use linked text boxes. I will format my text by justifying it; it should make my text look neater. I will use Comic Sans MC for my font to write the text and graphical font like word art for eye catching titles. I will edit my images using Photoshop, paint and Microsoft publisher. I might crop or resize my graphics to fit them in a suitable place. Data flow Outputs Card paper is strong but much more expensive. You can get it in different sizes as well. Plain A4 is cheaper compared to colour and card. It is the ideal size to make leaflets and can be folded in to preferred forms. A4 coloured paper more expensive than A4 but no ink has to be wasted on it for the background colour. But you cannot print certain colours on certain colours on certain coloured paper as it cannot be seen. Laser printer- This printer is much quieter, faster and its cost per page is much cheaper, the printouts have also better quality. They are much more expensive, bigger and the toners cost more compared to ink jet cartridges. Ink-Jet Printer- This printer is cheap to buy, the ink cartridges are cheaper and the printer is more space saving than the laser printer. Its printouts have a higher quality and are faster than dot-matrix printer but not as good as laser printers. Dot- matrix printers- Cheapest from all printers. But also the worst quality and it's very loud. I have decided to use the colour printer which is the laser printer as it makes the fastest and high quality printouts and it is the only one available in school. I have also decide to use the plain A4 paper as any colours can be printed on it, it cheap and any ideal size can found easily. Backup & Security The user should have a printout version of it and an electronic version on their computer. The user should have a back up copy so in case they loose the original version they will still have another copy of it. Nowadays they best way to save it on, is on a memory stick as it is portable but CD will do. Every time they open they file on the computer they should make a backup. To make it extra safe they should keep updating it at least once every fortnight. Another way of keeping it secure is to make a password with different characters (minimum 6 characters e.g. numbers, alphabetical letters, other characters such as /). The password could be anything personal or even something that doesn't make sense. PART 3: DESIGN User feedback on initial designs I am quite pleased the way the leaflet is presented but I would still like a few changes. I like the way colour and the borders are used. But could you try and add more detailed graphics, make sure there is a picture of me. Write why I want to sell it and important information such as contact information, words/phrases such as ‘for sale'. And make sure it always looks professional. I had also like images linking every title. Remember on the first page don't put any text going across. Subtasks * Make a draft version of leaflet using same paper but hand drawn. * Show user to check for any improvements. * Make another final design of it. * Collect map and create logo. * Produce leaflet on Microsoft publisher type details in word and insert * Show user check for any more improvements. * Make final leaflets. * Make more copies of it. Test Plans Test Expected results Actual results Changes needed Check if location map is present Map is positioned on back page Check if logo is correct Logo matches company logo Check if map is correct Map shows right location of shop. Check correct font is used.(Arial) Correct font used for suitable places Check if colours required by the user are used. (Black) Colour matches (black) Check if graphics are correct ( correct images, border fade) Graphics match as user preferred (logo, images) Check if contact information is found on the back of the leaflet. Contact information (Phone No., address) is found easily on the back of the leaflet. There shouldn't be a lot of writing squeezed together in one place. Font is big and clear. Writing is easy to be read. A4 paper with one fold should be used. A4 paper with one fold is used. PART 4: IMPLEMENT Evidence of making your leaflet * I first collected images from file and uploaded them into the software ‘Picture it'. * I used the crop tool to cut out each image. * I made text and faded it. * I put the images together. * I changed the orders of some images by right clicking the images and going to orders and choosing my preferred order, PART 5: EVALUATE Review objectives * I must include pictures showing different parts of the petrol station including inside and outside. – Done. I used the camera to take photographs and inserted into publisher. * There shouldn't be a lot of writing squeezed together in one place. – Done. I tried to put as much information as possible in a small paragraph. * Contact information should be able to be found at the back of the leaflet. – Changes were made as telephone number was put on first page as user preferred it that that way. * Enough information to convince the dealer to buy it. – Happy with the amount of information but not the way the information was used as it is not good enough to convince the buyer. * Basic and important information should be at the back. – Objective has been changed as the address and directions were put at the back and the basic brief details were put on the front page. User was happy with the changes. * Text should be written in ‘Ariel'. – Done by changing font to Ariel and typing using that font. * Text should be big enough to be seen easily. – Done, I used text font size 16pt. * A4 paper with one fold. – Done, A4 paper was used with one fold. User comments Overall I am pleased the way you have presented this leaflet. I still have some concerns about little things; you could have put a heading for each page of information, you only had few views from outside showing the petrol station. You could have taken images from different angles. Add more facts and statistics. You should have headings linking every page of information. But other than that I am very happy and glad that I handed over this job to you. I also like how you used the colours and different graphics. They way you presented the images was also good, tilting it and so on. Improvements * Have headings linking every page of information. * Add more pictures showing different views of the petrol station. * Add more facts and statistics in text.

Payroll Accounting Project

CHAPTER 7 Note to Instructors Depending upon the availability of time and your goals in teaching the payroll accounting course, you may use the Payroll Project in one of several ways: 1. Assign only the preparation of payroll registers and posting to employees’ earnings records. 2. Assign (1) plus recording the entries in the general journal and posting to the general ledger. 3. Assign (1) and (2) plus completion of the quarterly tax reports. 4. Assign the complete project. . Appendix A uses the same practice set with the computer-assisted approach. If students are completing the project using Appendix A, it would be helpful to have them complete one of the payrolls manually. This would provide a better understanding of the operations that are being performed by the computer. Chapter 7 consists of a simulation, or practice set, for payroll accounting. Students will apply the knowledge acquired in this course to practical payroll situations.This simulation is a culmination of t he information presented in the textbook. Learning Objectives After completing the simulation, students should be able to: 1. Prepare payroll registers. 2. Maintain employees’ earnings records. 3. Journalize and post payroll and payroll tax entries. 4. Complete federal, state, and city tax deposit forms and journalize the transactions. 5. Prepare various quarter-end and year-end payroll tax forms. 6.Make the accrual entries for the payroll at the end of a year. Payroll Project Solution (p. 7–24) JOURNAL 20– Oct. 9 Payroll Cash 12 11,058. 80 Cash 11 11,058. 80 Oct. 9 Administrative Salaries 51 2,307. 69 Office Salaries 52 3,353. 08 Sales Salaries 53 3,600. 00 Plant Wages 54 4,902. 00 FICA Taxes Payable—OASDI 20. 1 878. 09 FICA Taxes Payable—HI 20. 2 205. 37 Employees FIT Payable 24 1,012. 00 Employees SIT Payable 25 434. 82 Employees SUTA Payable 25. 1 11. 33†¦ [continues]

Communication Today

Communication Today Do you think communication is a No-Brainer? Communication is consistently listed as one of the keys to success in business and life, and just as frequently identified by employees as a key missing link to maximum productivity and job satisfaction. We communicate every day verbally and nonverbal to co-workers, to people on the phone, and to our family. We?ve been communicating since the day we were born. Actually, we were communicating before we were born, in our mother?s womb. What is communication? Communication is the process of constructing meaning together. We live in a world of meaning, and communication is the process of collaboratively constructing these meanings. We hope in this process, that presenting something to other individuals that we are getting our ideas across precisely. We would hope that through this process the receiver would be able to translate our messages into ideas. Unfortunately there are a lot of barriers to this process.CommunicationI will be discussing f our different topics, verbal nonverbal communication, perception, listening, and self-disclosure. Through the presentation of these topics, I will demonstrate several ways in which we can communicate among ourselves more effectively. This paper will demonstrate how we can become more effective as communicators, and to be able to apply the four topics covered.Verbal communication includes anything written, or spoken. Nonverbal communication includes eye contact, body movement, facial expression, tone of voice, touch, silence, and several different expressions. This book discusses verbal nonverbal communication jointly. It has become obvious that you can't really separate the verbal nonverbal parts. As stated by D.J. Higginbotham D.E. Yoder, "It is impossible to study either verbal or nonverbal communication as isolated structures. Rather, these systems should be regarded as a unified communication construct." One example that the author s John Stewart ...

Comparison between Manual Gear and Automatic Gear Research Paper

Comparison between Manual Gear and Automatic Gear - Research Paper Example Such a transmission is made up of a series of gears that are used to produce the rotational force needed to turn the wheels of the vehicle. The transmission unit of a car which is commonly called a gear box has gears which transfer power form the engine of the car to its wheels. The transmission has to be equipped with multiple gears in that the car operates on the proper gear in different situations. The gearboxes are of multiple types with the difference being the determinant factor of how a car will operate. There are two main types of gears; manual gear and automatic gears. Modern cars have been equipped with two major transmission options, namely; manual or automatic transmission. There exist a number of differences between these transmission types with regards to their components, how they operate, the advantages and disadvantages associated with them and their applications. This paper is going to look at the differences evident between automatic transmission and manual transmission. A manual gearbox type is a car transmission which permits the driver to choose gears as he or she wishes with the use of a stick shift. For the driver to select the desired gear, the clutch pedal has to be depressed making it unique to cars with manual transmission (Zheng W. Chung et al 2007). This move disengages the gearbox disconnecting it from the engine. Once the desired gear has been chosen through having the shifter moved to the correct position, the clutch is now free and can be released. This action reconnects the gearbox and the engine. Manual transmission can be classified into two types; the constant-mesh type and the sliding-gear design. In the sliding gear design, its main parts are the cluster and drive gear. On each gear is a dog clutch fitted with a hub, a shaft and an outer ring (Zheng W. Chung et al 2007). Synchronizers are also fitted to prevent clashing of the gears. The hub mainly splines the drive gears while

Information System Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Information System Managment - Essay Example To conduct this study, I have used two basic methods. First a secondary research to give me theoretical background about information system. The tools used were: Books, Articles, and Websites along with various charts and reports available and deduced in the course of investigation. Second primary research to provide a background on ETC and its current strategies strategic objectives, mission and vision, as a foundation for my research The resources conferred with were from analytical activities and personal observations on operation and customer services. Also books and journals were used. Telecom industry should ever succeed in providing customers to communicate to their kith, kin or co-workers with better approach according to their requirements. When it comes to UAE a nation where employees are present form almost all countries around the world; communication thus is having very high priority. Etisalat is a name heard attached to UAE and its telecom system. ETC is a very rich company with ample excellence of successful history above which they structured their undetermined deep knowledge as telecommunication heart of UAE. Acquisition spree of ETC has revealed as success for them within as well as outside UAE. They have already made up to achieve licenses to work any various other countries across the world. â€Å"Etisalat, with its long history of sponsorship and support for community and charitable projects in the  UAE, is interested in encouraging the adoption of CSR policies by companies operating in the Middle East, according to Ahmed Bin Ali, Manager of Pub lic Relations for Etisalat.† 3 With their success history in telecom sector, they are even expanding to other areas of business as well. 4ETC has been the solitary donor of telecommunications facilities inside the UAE for the past 31 years. â€Å"Etisalat has been the telecommunications service provider in the UAE since 1976, and has built

The role of retailer branding strategies in Singapore Research Paper

The role of retailer branding strategies in Singapore - Research Paper Example Product and brand are terms that are related because of several properties shared by them. Brand relies on the nature of the product or service. These attributes when used to market the product distinguishes it from its competitors, in the market, gives birth to Brand. Brand is linked with the product by relaying the attributes and character of the product. Additionally the characteristic of a product used to distinguish it from other product is termed as a brand. This means that the attributes associated with the product in terms of the characteristics of the product gives rise to brand. A brand deals with the identity of the product, which enables it to be distinguished from other products (Finskud, 2009, p. 34). A product currently may mean a good with physical characteristics or service or intangible goods such as software or algorithm. Therefore, a product can be described as a product, service or intangible good such as software that a firm produces and use it to generate incom e. Companies like Microsoft Corporation deal exclusively with software as their end product. Such software like Microsoft office 2010 is, therefore, a product of Microsoft Corporation. Brand deals specifically with the characters that distinguish the product in the market. It is the impression that surrounds the product. A brand can be categorized as a â€Å"strong brand† if it has several qualities or characters associated with strong brands (Finskud, 2009, p. 198)... Branding is vital in marketing because it enables the sales of all the company’s range of products. The success of many companies such as; Coca Cola, Adidas and Nike among other brands are based on use of brand image creation. Therefore, companies must be ready to venture in branding to be able to achieve success. Retailer branding in Singapore Retail branding is used by giant supermarkets in ensuring that the product sales are improved and outpace competition from other supermarket. The success is based on the ability to create a powerful strong brand. A strong brand is characterized by the ability to drive the shareholder value; therefore, it is managed by brand marketers who ensure an active buy-in from all stakeholders. The brand is valued in financial terms and is classified as an asset to the company during the calculation of profits and loss (Finskud, 2009, p. 45). As part of the organization, it is viewed as a part of the organization and covers a variety of business d imension. Additionally, customers are ready to pay consistently a higher price for the brand while ignoring the competing product or service. As a result of the strong affiliation to the brand, customers want to associate with the brand, it qualities, values and personality. Association with the brand gives rise to loyalty to the brand. Additionally, customers are ready to pay consistently a higher price for the brand while ignoring the competing product or service. As a result of the strong affiliation to the brand, customers want to associate with the brand, it qualities, values and personality. Association with the brand gives rise to loyalty to the brand. Due to the above characteristics the brand becomes a trademark protected by the firm and

Report will focus on analysing the existence of power Essay Example for Free

Report will focus on analysing the existence of power Essay Introduction This report will focus on analysing the existence of power, control and resistance within an organisation with particular reference toward Australia’s largest and most successful telecommunications provider, Telstra (Telstra, 2013). Applying widely recognised theoretical frameworks and concepts against these focus areas, a critical analysis has been conducted and assessed with the findings referenced throughout the report determining the positive and negative impacts each are having on Telstra the organisation and its stakeholders. The three focus areas of power, control and resistance are major influences within any organisation and critical to its success. Power and control can be perceived as being the same within an organisation, however there are key differentiators between the two that is important to identify and understand. Both power and control of an organisation can have various levels of influence on its stakeholders depending on a companies geographical or workforce size and culture. A level of power labeled as â€Å"Domination† identifies the way that an organisation can ultimately shape the preferences, attitudes and even political outlooks of its stakeholders (Sadan, 1997). The area of control stems from the introduction of â€Å"scientific management† introduced by (Taylor, 2007). Taylor’s methodologies of control are still predominant in many modern organisations that adopt various means to maintain a controlled workplace. Such means can consist of forms of surveillance such as email and phone scanning, remote working arrangements and segmentation of skills. Jermier, Knights, Nord refer to resista nce within an organisation as constituting forms of power that’s exercised by subordinates within a workplace. Example forms or â€Å"faces† of resistance are refusal, voice, escape and creation. With an understanding of the theoretical frameworks and concepts of these three focus areas, various stakeholders of Telstra have been interviewed to construct a comprehensive analysis on what impact power, control and resilience is having on the organisation and its stakeholders. Methodology Being one of the largest organizations in Australia, power, control, and resistance is spread throughout the companies multiple functions and sectors. It is these elements that aid in shaping the way Telstra operates. This fact has led to various methods being utilized to collect and critically analyse information on Telstra regarding these three aspects of organizational behaviour. Both primary and secondary research was conducted for this report. Primary sources include conversations with Telstra stakeholders in conjunction with online secondary research. Stakeholders include employees of Telstra as well as the customers themselves. By learning about their experiences with Telstra a better understanding of the organization was created as well as how power, control, and resistance are evident in Telstra. The use of primary and secondary research allowed for power, control and resistance to be critically analysed in Telstra. A number of theories were also addressed in the analysis of Telstra. Relevant aspects of power, control, and resistance were explored and applied to Telstra to develop this report. As power, control, and resistance are different elements of organizational behaviour, a range of theories needed to be used in order to properly analyse Telstra. This also led to the stakeholder interviews being less formal due to questions having to cover such as large industry and often transparent elements of organizational behaviour. To address the issue of power in Telstra, a number of cases were used to identify the scope of power itself in Telstra and how those in power are at times abusing it or using it as a tool for manipulation. In some cases, the extremities of Telstra are clearly shown. Alongside this evidence and research, the theoretical framework of the ‘four faces of power’ derived from Lukes (1986) and Foucault (1977) was used for analysis of the company. As Telstra is a very large company, appropriate control systems and management of control is essential throughout all the functions of the business. To analyse how control plays a critical role in Telstra, different functions of the organization and their appropriate control mechanism were explo red. This was done through researching into examples and cases of how Telstra has managed it’s control systems. Similarly to the use of the ‘four faces of power’, resistance was also analysed using a comparable framework. The framework used was the ‘four faces of resistance’. This framework helped to highlight areas where employees show resistance and how far they can take it. Research and cases gathered coupled together with the four faces of resistance aided in presenting and analysing the various issues of resistance and how it exists in Telstra. Organisational Power â€Å"Power is derived from owning and controlling the means of production and how this power is reinforced by organisational structures and rules of governance† (Weber and Marx, 1948) Telstra as an organization consists of management hierarchy comprising of numerous Directors and Executives that hold responsibility for the direction and public image of Telstra. These positions at times are extremely demanding as their everyday decisions can, and will have an effect on the business profits and customer satisfaction levels. Power is crucial amongst these ranks as it is required to make necessary changes and improvements to policy and procedure in the highly competitive industry of telecommunications. Ultimately the responsibility of the performance of Telstra resides with the CEO (David Thodey) and the supporting Directors (executive and non-executive). As the ‘Top-level manager’, David Thodey makes decisions affecting the entire company. He does not direct the day -to-day activities of the company; instead he sets goals for the organization and directs the company to achieve them. An example is the announcement of a strategy of market differentiation and a renewed focus on customer service and satisfaction (Telstra Website, 2009). Top managers are ultimately responsible for the performance of the organization (Simmering, 2007). Following the top-level management group is the middle-level managers, who set goals for their departments and other business units. Middle managers are charged with motivating and assisting first-line managers to achieve the company’s objectives. They also play an important role by communicating and offering suggestions to the top managers, as they are more involved in the day-to-day workings of the company. The next level of management is the first-level. This level is responsible for the daily management of the employees who actually produce the product or offer the service. Although first-level managers typi cally do not set goals for the organization, they have a very strong influence on the company, as they are the managers that most employees interact with on a daily basis. Telstra’s use of coercion internally has become evident in various situations. By assessing the four faces of power we can see how intimidation towards workers has resulted in a number of public outbursts. An unethical and undisclosed strategy was introduced by Telstra during 2008 whereby 15,000 employees were targeted to sign up to Australian Workforce Agreements (AWA) before the ban on agreements was to be imposed by the Government (Eastley, 2008). A confidential Telstra document showed that managers were given 29 pages of tips on how to best convince workers to signing up to AWA’s (Hawley, 2008). The document urged managers to use psychological profiling of employees when considering who to target and were rewarded with bonuses once successfully signing workers up to workplace agreements. This method of power is an example of coercion. Telstra has clearly done something unethically in this situation. The company’s actions have demonstrated a coercive environment that maximises pressure through psychological manipulation. Domination is a level of power that identifies the way in which an organisation can ultimately shape the preferences, attitudes and even political outlooks of its stakeholders Lukes (1986). Telstra’s domination of most communications markets and its ability to leverage market power across markets is a consequence of its structure. The result is the failure of competition affecting all consumer groups. The ideal solution is a form of structural separation of Telstra. This objective can be achieved through the creation of a regulatory package that delivers as much of the benefit as possible that would be derived from structural separation, while acknowledging the limitations of real separation to address the core incentives of Telstra to favour itself (Competitive Carriers’ Coalition Inc, 2005). Workplace bullying is a widespread issue that can only be resolved through an implementation strategy targeting all employees. Employers need to be held accountable and have a str ategy in place to protect the employees from this offence. Unfortunately this is not always the case, in some instances the employer is the one orchestrating the bullying. A recent case in which the Administrative Appeals Tribunal overruled Telstras decision not to pay compensation to an ex-employee for stress and psychological injury shows that it is possible to resist intimidation (Sdrinis, 2012). Mr Sami was successful in wining his compensation claim against Telstra for work-related psychological injuries and in particular in relation to bullying and harassment by his manager over a period of time. This case underlines that managements often-used tactics of subtle bulling and harassment to push people out the door has a human cost which the law is prepared to recognise. Within most major companies, including Telstra, workers have to live with the threat of losing their jobs and this case should encourage workers to stand up to workplace harassment and, if victimized, seek legal advice and compensation. Organisational Control In order to regulate and manage organisational activities and resources, so that accomplishing goals and objectives are possible, organisations need control. It is a significant part of running any business so that a targeted element of performance remains up to organisational standard. There is a considerable amount of responsibility that goes into managing control, as there are many different levels and areas in which organisations define control. Information Resources is an area of control in which include sales forecasting, environmental analysis and production scheduling. In a recent article, Telstra has reported a 12.9 per cent increase in net profit, reaching $3.9 billion, and an increase in revenue up two per cent to $26 billion (Bartholomeusz, Technology Spectator, 2013). Telstra chief executive officer David Thodey said it was the â€Å"third consecutive year of significant customer growth for Telstra mobile, driven by $1.2 billion of investment in the network during the y ear.† As profit results slightly bettered expectations, this can only leave a positive impact on employees, shareholders and the organisation itself. For instance, as a result of meeting organisational goals and objectives, employees get to keep their job, and keep the shareholders content. In any organisation, operations control is needed to control the processes used to transform resources into products and services. As Telstra is constantly aspiring to grow as a company and are faced with new business opportunities, changes in operational processes takes place as a result, workers find themselves jobless. The terminal decline of Telstra’s once-dominant telephone business and the rise of new business opportunities have forced the telco giant into a major operational restructure that will affect half the companys 30,000 strong domestic workforce (Bingemann, 2013). (Telstra Chief Operations officer Brendon Riley, is likely to see hundreds of jobs cut from the telco as i t transitions its operations and IT divisions from infrastructure-based businesses to more of a software and services future (Bingemann, 2013). Although this may mean good news for Telstra advancing as an organisation, this change in operations control is affecting the lives of 30,000 loyal employers and their families. Telstra’s financial control plan has an upside and a downside. Like most organisations, a budget control provides a way of measuring performance across different aspects within the company. Also control the financial resources as they flow into, are held by, and flow out of the organisation. Telstra while having generated some $2 billion in savings has punished workers by cutting 1,000 net local jobs over the past two and a half years (Bartholomeusz, Business Spectator, 2013). Although the savings are benefiting Telstra’s fast-growing mobile business, the price to pay is substantial for those 1,000 workers who need to make ends meet. Telstra has insisted that it can simultaneously cut costs while improving customer service b y reducing errors, queries and complaints that allow it to, for instance, reduce call centre staff (Bartholomeusz, Business Spectator, 2013). As technology advances, so does the way people do things. With the new possibilities of using apps and online resources to ask questions, queries and form complaints, the need for call centre workers reduces sizeable Organisational Resistance Within the multinational telecommunication company Telstra, numerous accounts of resistance both internally and externally have risen from management decisions by the company’s head. Several incidents have occurred in which the public and workers have raised their voice in resistance against some of the giant’s actions. By assessing the four faces of resistance, we can see typical and expected responses from the public and workers. One incident occurred earlier this year in February. Telstra slashed over 700 jobs from their Sensis network, which resulted in mass rallies and protests by union leaders and workers alike (Conifer, 2013). This method of resistance is an example of ‘voice.’ By publicly displaying and enforcing their dissatisfaction against the loss of their jobs, the union workers are resisting Telstra’s actions. The rally and protests have been constructed to highlight the unsatisfactory methods of Telstra. As Telstra grows as a company, many Australian jobs are being sent offshore, particularly to Asian nations. The rapid growth of the company forces management and corporate heads to expand the company to increase revenue and profits, at the expense of Australian jobs. In July of this year, over 170 jobs were sent offshore to India, which lead to widespread union outrage (Bingemann, www.theaustralian.com.au/business, 2013). The Communication, Electrical and Plumbing union, as well as the Community and Public Sector unions protested and demanded negotiations in regards to job losses. The fact that unions stood up and resisted to sacrifice their jobs highlights an internal voice of the company. This resistance from the unions demonstrates a type of power that workers have within their job, to stand up against unsatisfactory managerial decisions. (Bingemann, www.theaustralian.com.au/business, 2013) The third face of resistance represents the ‘escape’ side of work. This face is made up of three tools: cynicism, scepticism and dis-identification. Dis-identification refers to the disconnection from ones identity and the work environment. In an incident that occurred in April of 2007, a young girl committed suicide after been given unrealistic work goals and hassled by management staff of Telstra to return to work during her stress leave (Masanauskas, 2007). This amount of pressure lead to her suicide, and the change from her once â€Å"vibrant personality† was transformed into a â€Å"nervous wreck† (Masanauskas, 2007). The young women’s parents described the Telstra staff to be treating their daughter â€Å"like a machine.† From this tragedy, the union demanded realistic work goals and targets. The dis-identification from ‘human’ to ‘machine’ within the workplace highlights the third face of resistance, to escape work. However, this escape was much more serious and punishing, for it was not just a mental escape from work, but a suicide. Conclusion Throughout this report it is made evident that the three focal behavioral characteristics of organisations can have a major impact on its stakeholders. Although these impacts can be both positive and negative it is clear from the examples provided that a balance between what’s positive to both an organisation and its stakeholders remains a huge challenge to maintain. Telstra has been used as a case organisation due to its operational size and market reach throughout the country and spreading to different cultures internationally. Various methods were used to gather and analyse information specific to the affects of power, control and resistance from both internal and external stakeholders of the company which formed the basis of or report. Power of an organisation over its stakeholders is seen almost always as a negative characteristic but is critical to an organisations success. It was found that power in Telstra is delegated down through a hierarchal management structure to manage staff and performance. This lead onto analysing which control methods are being used within Telstra such as performance goals and project deadlines, which have been founded to be a major cause of many bully and stress related complaints. Due to the mismanagement of power and control various cases of industrial action and even suicide has been reported as a form of resistance from stakeholders. This resistance has a negative impact on the public image of the organisation and can potentially affect its market value. It is critical for organisations to achieve a balance between economic growth and ethical practices. Until this happens cases such of those highlighted in the report will continue causing restraint and harm to both the organisation and its stakeholders.

Leadership Values To Individuals And Society General Studies Essay

Leadership Values To Individuals And Society General Studies Essay Leadership is the art of making people to do what you want them to do. It is a process of influencing others working for the common good and common goals while offering purpose and paths to achieve that. The army defines leadership as influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation, while operating to accomplish the mission and improve the organization (Army Leadership, Personnel General, Army Regulation 600-100). There are different approaches to leadership as transactional leadership, transformational leadership, situational leadership, and contingency leadership. Even that all these leadership approaches have similarities and differences they have all incorporated into them fear and/or respect as a mean to achieve goals. Looking at the leaders side this is his/her personal behavior and the environment that they surrounded with or they faced at the beginning of the career what actually shape their future style of leading. If one leader dealt with fear and pressur e from his/her supervisors, it is very likely that they will also treat their subordinates the same way. In the other hand, if the leader was treated with respect and this was what build and shaped his or her base of leadership it is very likely that he will treat his/her subordinates the same way. Even that there are different theories in the practice there always has been in question whether it is better to be feared or respected. And both of these are used in military leadership and in leadership in non-military organizations. It is very apparent that to some leaders only fear exists as a driving force toward achieving goals. They do not prefer to use other means as motivation for pushing their subordinates. In the other hand, seems that subordinates do not prefer fear to be their driving force. Instead they would like to have such a relationship that would push them to work tirelessly to satisfy their leader, but not fear. In this paper I am going to explore what does it mean for a leader to be feared or respected and what effect has it in his/her subordinates in particular or to the society in general based on personal experience as a cadet and what I learned and read about leadership. This paper actually is going to come across military leadership and leadership in non-military organizations. Respect by definition is esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person, a personal quality or ability, or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability (www.dictionary.com) respect is acknowledged to be a positive value that people posses. But people are not very conscious of what respect really means and of what significance it is. In most cases respect is perceived to as a judgment or opinion of someone not as a value. Based on my personal experience I can say that for respect to be durable it should be earned. It is important that a person should show respect to himself, to others (people that surround us), and try to earn the deserved respect. Since respect is viewed as a perspective for relationship, people decide whether it is achieved as a commitment for a successful relationship between people or whether it is part of our culture. For creating a world with collaboration and mutual respect we have to build a culture with worldwide respect and transmit our commitments toward others as respectable human beings. The basis for achieving respect in the leader-subordinate aspect is having satisfactory interactions with others. If there is a respectful environment there are possibilities for sharing vision, trust, mission, and there will be stronger teams within the organization to achieve common goals. A quote by Mark Clement says that leaders who win the respect of others are the ones who deliver more than they promise, not the ones who premise more that they can deliver. This shows that the influence of a leader is largely increased when he or she has the respect of the subordinates and through this they can achieve what is thought to be unachievable paving the road to success. But expecting to reach all the goals with only the respect of the subordinates might have shortcomings as well. Subordinates can be of a level not mature enough to understand what mutual respect means and this may turn against the leader. Also the leader might not make a realistic evaluation of the subordinates and as a result the reliance on the respect might end in catastrophe. Machiavelli in his book Prince gives several reasons why a leader should not rely on peoples respect because they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer you their blood, property, life and children. As is said above, when the need is far distant; but when it approaches they turn against you (Prince, 79). This actually tells that a leader must much more rely in his/her own forces and make a proper evaluation of the readiness of his/her subordinates in order to not have a catastrophic end. Among the very first things taught in military academies is respect. This is also taught to all soldiers. The very difference is that leaders have to know to win respect for themselves and for the others with whom they work and to create a respectful environment. Even that in militaries a straight chain of command exists there is an apparent need for respect. It is essential having respect for one another because that is actually what makes the military to operate. Having respect means also having trust between each other which essential for performing daily activities and during crisis. Without respect subordinates would always look for ways to escape from their leaders and things would hardly ever be done on time. There are several ways to earn respect in military. On and the most important one is by living with army values and becoming a role model for people that surround you. Moreover, the higher you go in ranks gives you a higher respect since earning higher ranks is not easily attained. In military when you have the respect of your subordinates it is much easier to empower them and delegate tasks without being reluctant that they will not perform well. Thus, it is worth quoting KPC (Kosovo Protection Corps) Officers Manual 103, which states that mutual respect will create a bond between officers and soldiers and it will always be there when tough times appear. There are certain ways to show that you respect someone. If you always tell the truth in good or bad times it is a sign of respect, if you make promises and keep them it is a sign of respect, and if you treat all your subordinates at the same level it is a sign of respect. There are many cases in which leaders were respected. This was actually the main driving force of peoples belief on their leaders and their decisions to be implied. Sir Winston Churchill was one of the most respected leaders in history. He led United Kingdom during the most difficult times. He had many cases when he had to make tough decisions that were not very popular but were very well accepted. These decisions were accepted only for a reason, the respect that people had for him. In the other hand, the other component of authority is fear. This derives mainly from the capacity of the leader to punish his/her subordinates. Some leaders have coercive power and use as the main tool in achieving their goals. These types of leaders tend to believe that through coercion you can achieve much more because you get the most from subordinate since they fear you. This derives from the belief that if someone fears you he or she will do anything just to not put into question your authority. Fearing the leader is a process that starts when subordinates come to contact for any sort information about this particular leader. They might hear that from the other fellow employees or other soldiers if military organization, that the leader is really a person who punishes in hardest way. In the book Prince, Machiavelli believes that it is impossible to achieve both respect and fear but when you have to choose between them fear is much more productive. He states that since you canno t trust people in tough times and it is better to be feared because fear preserves you by a dread of punishment which never fails you (Prince, 80). The coercive power mentioned above is based on fear and is the ability to punish someone for any noncompliance. One way that leaders coerce their subordinates is by showing them that they are not complying with the process enforced by leader. However, also by fear and coercion can be achieved a lot of results. In the military fear of leader exists in all levels, from the newly recruits up to the senior officers. In the beginning of the military career soldiers fear from the leader because he can use his power and authority to punish them, which can have a negative result in their career. Interesting is the fact that these new soldiers have their utmost respect for their commander but yet fear has more influence than respect. This is much related to the stages of individual development and to the environment they perform in. There are a lot of cases that soldiers do things only regarding to the fear they have from their leader. There are also a lot of leaders that use fear upon their subordinates even that they complained when their former leaders used coercion on them. A good example of a leader who used fear could be Enver Hoxha, the communist leader of Albania. He was considered to be the best man to lead Albania after World War II. He had graduated from a prominent French University and fought heroically during the war. But Albanian people turned to be wrong. As he came to power he started eliminating his opponents and anyone who could come on his way. The most known eliminations were deportation, imprisonment, family punishments and not excluding killing people. These eliminations had a very high psychological effect on the population. During this time Albania became a country where the continuous repression had affected everyone. This paper has been an overview of two sides of conceptualization of leadership by subordinates, respect and fear. Fear has the tendency to make employees or soldiers perform better and achieve results but they feel unworthy as individuals. Respect is much more welcomed because it makes employees or soldiers to feel more confident and to feel themselves as part of team. At the military point of view much respect is assigned to certain positions and ranks but only the real respect is the everlasting one. In conclusion I think that in order to be a properly respected leader you must at first show respect. If you earn to the respect of the employees is much easier to accomplish goals, also the job performed by the subordinates will be of a higher level. The point is that if you earn the respect of the employees or the soldiers in a military organization, they will perform accordingly whatever the situation or when not under direct supervision. Promoting respect to any organization gives a dose of authority through influencing people. We should always try to make respect the core of our relationship with others. Having a mutual respect with subordinates only brings us success and continuous improvements. This kind of relationship will have sincerity at the top of it something that will create an everlasting desire and willingness to help each other. Only the true respect will inspire the subordinates to perform their best, and their best means the best for leader.