Controlling the Spread of Disease

Controlling the Spread of DiseaseCholeraCholera is caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae, which contaminates food and suping weeweeThis bacterium infects the small intestines with a toxin called CTX , which in turn causes severe diarrhoeaNormally present in coastal waters, attaching to crustaceans known as copepods which are found in plankton rich environments(WordPress, 2014).This bacteria does not always consider people ill however, this bacteria may come after out in stools, which send word contaminate the water supplyWhen vibrio cholerae enters the human body toxic poisons are released, causing diarrhoeaThe nutrients in the water enables provides ideal condition for the bacteria to multiplyPreventionTo block contracting cholera use bottled or boiled water when drinking and preparing food and drink exhaustively washing hands on a regular basisMalaria a potentially life threatening diseaseThe life cycle of malariaMalaria malaria parasite parasites have two hosts female ano pheles females and humansFemale anopheles mosquitos infected by malaria parasites Inject sporozites into humans whilst feeding on their bloodSporozites whence infect cells within the liver transforming into thousands of merozoites.These merozites travel out of the liver and so invade the red blood cells where they multiply forming new merozitesRed blood cells then burst this releases merozites which go on to infect other cellsWhilst invading red blood cells merozites can develop into gametocytes which is the sexual reproductive stage.Gametocytes are sucked up by mosquitos when they are feeding fusing with gametes to make zygotes in the mosquitos gutZygotes become fertilised and form motile ookinete which turn into oocyst, these then multiply producing thousands of sporozoitesThese then move into the salivary secretor of the mosquito after around a week ready to infect humansSo what can be d whiz to protect against malaria? The use of mosquito nets are unremarkably used to stop m osquitos from biting as well as the use of insect repellentSome medicines are given to people to help prevent the risk of contracting malaria doxycycline, proguanil with atovaquone, mefloquine some of which need to be taken for weeks after return(disqus, 2014).In grippeenzaInfluenza (flu) is a common viral transmission system which attacks the nose, throat and lungs (respiratory system)Influenza is air borne and can be transmitted between people if someone has the virus and sneezes, others can inhale thisThe virus can also be present on objects an infected person has touchedCytokines are produced when the innate immune system starts to respond to the threat these induce responses such as the inflammatory responseLifecycleThe flu enters its host and then invades cells within the respiratory systemThe virus uses its host cell to replicate its DNA forcing the cell to make copies of the virusThis triggers the bodys immune response which sends white blood cells to the area of infection If not stopped the virus can then don free from the host cell allowing it to infect other cells around the body(fitbuff.com, 2009).PreventionVaccinations are offered to protect against influenza but are not one hundred percent effectiveWashing hands regularly prevents the spread of infectionAthletes foot (trichophyton)Trichophyton rubrum causes tinea pedis (athletes foot) which feeds off ceratin in the upper layer of the pare down, hair and nailsTrichophyton rubrum form part of the dermatophytes which is a group of fungiWithin four to ten days symptoms show up as a result of bodys inflammatory response resulting in a red rash on the genuflectThe blistered and itchy skin occurs as a result of the trichophyton reproducing on the skin, particularly they like moist places such as in-between the toesIf the fungus infection is not treated it can spread to other areas of the feet such as the toe nailsThis fungi can be passed from person to person and is prevalent in public showers and swimming pools, where skin particles are left aroundSymptomsSkin between the toes can burn and become itchyEarly treatment is recommendedIf untreated in the first represent it can cause the skin to become cracked and infected further with bacteriaThe fungus infection may cause an unpleasant smellPreventionThoroughly washing feet daily and making sure all areas are completely dry before putting socks onNot wearing socks and shoes where thinkable to allow air to circulate around the feetChanging socks regularly, this is because fungus can multiply on flakes of skinBibliographyAdvameg. 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Life cycle of the malaria parasite. online Available http//www.malariavaccine.org/malvac-lifecycle.php. Last accessed 24/9/2014malaria.wellcome. (2014). The malaria lifecycle. online Available http//malaria.wellcome.ac.uk/interactive/parasitelifecycle/interactive.html. Last accessed 24/9/2014Mayo unveiling for Medical Education and Research. (2014). Cholera. online Available http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseas es-conditions/cholera/basics/causes/con-20031469. Last accessed 24/9/2014Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2013). Influenza (flu). online Available http//www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/basics/definition/con-20035101. Last accessed 24/9/2014medicalnewstoday. (2013). What Is Cholera? What Causes Cholera?. online Available http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/189269.php. Last accessed 24/9/2014Medline Plus. (2014). Immune response. online Available http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000821.htm. Last accessed 24/9/2014MIMS (NZ) Ltd . (2014). 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